Selection of Forging Equipment,Selection of Forging Equipment
Introduction
FORGING EQUIPMENT influences the forging process because it affects deformation rate, forging temperature, and rate
of production. The forging engineer must have sound knowledge of the different forging machines in order to:
· Use existing machinery more efficiently
· Define the existing plant capacity accurately
· Communicate better with, and at times request improved performance from, the machine builder.
· Develop, if necessary, in-house proprietary machines and processes not available in the machine tool
market
· Utilize them in the most cost-effective manner
This article will detail the significant factors in the selection of forging equipment for a particular process. The article
"Hammers and Presses for Forging" in this Volume contains information on the principles of operation and the capacities
of various types of forging machines.

Process Requirements and Forging Machines
Figure 1 illustrates the interaction between the principal machine and process variable for hot forging conducted in
presses. As shown at the left in Fig. 1, flow stress σ, interface friction conditions, and part geometry (dimensions and
shape) determine the load Lp at each position of the stroke and the energy Ep required by the forming process. The flow
stress s increases with increasing deformation rate e
·
and with decreasing work metal temperature, θ. The magnitudes of
these variations depend on the specific work material (see the Sections on forging of specific metals and alloys in this
Volume). The frictional conditions deteriorate with increasing die chilling.

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