Damascus steels-Welded damascus steels-pattern welded steelsDamascus steels are 1 to 2% carbon steels used for ancient swords made by blacksmiths using hot and warm forging, which developed layered patterns. The swords were eminent for their strength and sharp cutting edge. With carbon in the form of iron carbide, the forged products were free of surface markings. With carbon in the form of spherical carbide, the products could exhibit surface markings. So-called welded damascus steels, also referred to as pattern welded steels, also exhibit surface markings. Superplasticity may be inherent in all of these steels. Over the centuries, dating back to before Christ, these steels have also been known as bulat steel, Indian steel, poulad Janherder steel, Toldeo steel, and Wootz steel.
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